Identify the upholstery material
Look for the manufacturer's care code or label and identify fibre, backing, coating and removable covers. A method suitable for one fabric can shrink, stain or damage another. If the label is missing or unclear, do not assume water or solvent cleaning is safe.
Respond carefully to fresh spills
Remove loose material without scraping and blot liquid gently with a clean absorbent cloth if the care instructions permit. Avoid rubbing, over-wetting or using vinegar, alcohol, lemon, baking soda or dish soap without checking compatibility. Stop if colour transfers or the texture changes.
Avoid improvised chemical recipes
Do not combine cleaners or apply solvents near flames, children or pets. Household products are not universally safe for fabric or leather, and deodorizing powder may leave residue in fibres. Follow label directions and ventilate as instructed.
When to contact an upholstery specialist
Persistent stains, dye transfer, odour in foam, delicate fabric, leather, water rings or previous chemical treatment may need professional assessment. Provide item details, care label, photos and previous products. No method guarantees stain or odour removal.
