Check the fabric and care instructions
Identify the upholstery material and manufacturer guidance, including any cleaning code or professional-only instruction. If the label is missing or the fabric is delicate, dyed, antique or previously damaged, seek advice before applying liquid or heat.
Remove loose soil first
Vacuum using an upholstery attachment at a setting suitable for the fabric. Test that the tool will not snag, abrade or pull loops and fringes. Pay attention to seams and beneath removable cushions, and do not move heavy furniture without safe assistance.
Treat spills and marks cautiously
Blot fresh spills gently with a clean absorbent cloth; avoid rubbing or saturating the fabric. Use only a compatible cleaner and test it in a discreet area where appropriate. Do not apply steam, solvent, detergent or a homemade mixture unless the care instructions permit it.
Know when to use a specialist
Large stains, colour transfer, delicate fibres, odour, mould-like growth or uncertain care codes may need an upholstery specialist. Ask about the proposed method, drying, exclusions and risks. Professional cleaning cannot guarantee stain removal or restoration of faded or damaged fabric.
