Assess age, condition and construction
Check labels and available maker records. Look for weak seams, loose trim, powdering fabric, brittle leather, sagging webbing or previous repairs. Do not remove covers or turn over heavy furniture without suitable help.
Remove only loose surface dust
Vacuum only if a conservator or fabric-care instruction allows it, using low suction, a clean screen or a suitable upholstery attachment. Avoid compressed air, stiff brushes and strong suction that could tear fibres or drive dust further into the filling.
Avoid untested wet and solvent treatments
Water, alcohol, detergents, vinegar, steam and stain removers can cause dye bleed, rings, shrinkage or damage to old finishes. Do not spot-test a valuable piece with a household product unless a qualified conservator approves the method.
Consult the right specialist
Persistent staining, odour, pests, mould-like growth or structural wear may require an upholstery conservator, furniture restorer or pest specialist. Cleaning cannot reverse age, sun damage, fibre loss or previous treatment.
